What's the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

Aerobic exercise is characterized by its reliance on oxygen to generate energy, making it effective for prolonged activities such as running, swimming, or cycling at a moderate pace. These activities increase heart and lung capacity as they require sustained energy production over longer durations. In contrast, anaerobic exercise works differently; it does not require oxygen for energy generation and is typically associated with high-intensity activities that last for short periods, like sprinting or weightlifting. During anaerobic activities, the body relies on stored energy sources, such as glycogen, which can be depleted quickly.

Understanding this fundamental difference is crucial for anyone involved in exercise science or athletic training, as it helps in designing appropriate training programs that cater to specific fitness goals, whether for endurance, strength, or overall athletic performance.